Learning outcomes - after studying this topic, you should be able to:

• perform calculations using ΔH
• apply Hess’s law
• explain the entropy concept qualitatively
• perform calculations using ΔS
• explain and use the concept of Gibb’s free energy
• explain the importance of ΔG in biological systems

• Sections 8.1 - 8.6 (in )

Chemical energy and calorimetry Contributed by Adam Bridgeman

Thermodynamics Contributed by Adam Bridgeman

Thermodynamics (advanced) Contributed by Adam Bridgeman